Density and specific gravity density is the weight per unit of volume of a substance. The excellent particle characteristics of ferroshield ferrodense enable the easy production of high quality, high strength concrete with a density of up to 240 lbs. In buildings, concrete is used for footings, foundations, columns, beams, girders, wall slabs, and roof unitsin short, all important building elements. Commercially used aerated silicate low density concrete has the least durability 10 cycles, but fc produced in turbulence mixer has frost resistance 100 cycles, which is comparable with normal concrete. Results of the characteristics of different grades of concrete using mix design method are discussed in terms of density, compressive strength, flexural strength and workability. The concrete mixtures incorporate either basalt or crushed limestone, aggregate sizes of 12 mm h in. Bickley and fung 2001 demonstrated that 40 mpa 6,000 psi high performance concrete for bridges could be ecofig. Lightweight concrete can weigh as little as 95 lbscu ft. The grout used in high density pre placed aggregate concrete should be somewhat richer than that used in normal density pre placed concrete. High density concrete can only be manufactured by using various high density natural or manmade aggregates. High density concrete high density concrete is a concrete having a density in the range of 6000 to 6400 kgcu. The density of concrete varies, but is around 2,400 kilograms per cubic metre 150 lbcu ft.
Composition of concrete mixtures used in cylinders tested. Mechanical properties of high strength concrete hsc can be divided in two groups as shortterm mechanical properties and longterm mechanical properties. It is a type of high performance concrete generally with a specified compressive strength of 6,000 psi 40 mpa or. Highperformance concrete is often nomically made while used in bridges left and tall buildings right. Concrete basicsaims to provide a clear, concise explanation of all aspects of making quality concrete. Experimental study on foam concrete 147 the objective of this study is to.
Radiation shielding with high density concrete lkab. The concrete mix design cmd for qcqa superstructure concrete must produce a workable concrete mixture having properties that will not exceed the maximum andor minimum values defined in the special provision. Color pigments in powder or liquid form may be added to the concrete mix to produce colored concrete. Properties of concrete while cement in one form or another has been around for centuries, the type we use was invented in 1824 in britain. Concrete, normalweight concrete having a density of 140 to 155 lbft. The term concrete refers to a mixture of aggregates, usually sand. The strength of concrete is the next important pr operty to consider. Introduction these are the concrete blocks either hollow or solid. Site experience indicates that more compaction is normally needed for high strength concrete with high. Fhwahrt06103 august 2006 research, development, and technology turnerfairbank highway research center 6300 georgetown pike mclean, va 221012296. A discussion on shortterm mechanical properties of concrete which includes, compressive strength, stressstrain behavior. The relatively high cost of steel mandates its sparing use. High density concrete can be used for structural andor specialised construction purposes.
The paste is composed of cement, water, and entrained air and ordinarily constitutes 20 to 40 percent of the total volume. Bickley and fung 2001 demonstrated that 40 mpa 6,000 psi highperformance concrete for bridges could be ecofig. The mechanical properties of concrete are highly influenced by its density. The use of high performance fc with improved durability increases exploitation time and duration of. The dry density of foamed concrete may vary from 300 to 1600 kgm3. Concrete basicsaddresses the needs of unskilled and semiskilled persons. A hollow unit is that unit which has core void area greater than 25% of the gross area.
View high density concrete research papers on academia. This is because the high strength concrete is designed with lower water cement ratio. Development of high performance heavy density concrete using. The high strength concrete has a lower value of permeability compared to normal strength concrete. High density concrete high densityheavyweight density should be more than 2600 kgm3 dens crete offers more strength can be used everywhere, in all construction practices resistant to extreme weather.
Properties of concrete concrete is an artificial conglomerate stone made essentially of portland cement, water, and aggregates. High performance means that the concrete has one or more of the following properties. Heavyweight concrete is made and transported much like traditional ready mix concrete, but due to its high density and weight properties, it is usually transported in smaller amounts. The main activities for controlling quality on site are placing, compaction, curing and surface finishing. High modulus of elasticity, low thermal expansion, and low elastic and creep deformation are the ideal properties for both high density and normal concrete. Determine the influence of the density and compressive strength of foamed concrete with and without sand. Durability properties of high performance foamed concrete. Highdensity concretes range from 190 to 260 lbscu ft. Nov 26, 20 high density concrete, high strength concrete and high performance concrete. High performance concrete is often nomically made while used in bridges left and tall buildings right. Concrete is a composite material obtained by mixing cement, sand, aggregates, and water in suitable proportions. High density concrete is mainly used for the purpose of radiation shielding, for counterweights and other uses where high density is required. Ultimately, there are several construction solutions for using the high density aggregate magnadense to build a radiationprotected room or bunker to provide the right degree of defence standard heavy concrete walls.
This video animation, animated video explains the concept of high density concrete. Chapter 1 components of concrete concrete is made up of two components, aggregates and paste. All concrete structures will crack to some extent, due to shrinkage and tension. High density concrete the heavyweight of all concretes. For a given unit configuration, the fire resistance of a concrete masonry wall increases as the concrete density decreases.
In hd concrete, vibrators have a smaller effective area, or radius of action. The chances of bleeding in foamed concrete are reduced due to high air content. Concrete has become a universal building material which is extensively used in civil engineering construction. Because of the deep water, 345m 1 ft, above the heidron oil fields, a decision was made to construct the first floating platform with high strength low density concrete hssdc. High density radiation shielding concrete applications in.
What is the highest density concrete ever used commercially. With a fixed amount of cement in a unit volume of concrete, the strongest and most impermeable concrete is one that has the greatest density, i. This research aims to improve the mechanical properties of concrete by. To provide detailed properties of the concrete, this study also discusses two heavy concrete types s50 and s100 from scientific publication designing of high density concrete by using steel. Workability in concrete defines its capacity to be placed, consolidated, and finished without harmful segregation or bleeding. High density concrete blocks learn more about high density concrete blocks 2 approx. Ouda housing and building national research center hbrc, dokki, giza, egypt ahmed. Concrete which is subjected to longduration forces is prone to creep. An outgrowth of the development of nuclear energy, high density concrete is gaining wide spread use as a shielding material to provide protection against radiation hazards. Some of the natural minerals used as aggregates in high density concrete are hematite, magnetite, limonite, barite and some of the artificial aggregates including materials like steel punchings and iron shot. Properties of concrete every civil engineer must know. Hemp concrete is highly porous, with open and interconnected porosity.
Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, and as it matures concrete shrinks. Concrete has a great variety of applications because it not only meets structural demands but also lends itself readily to architectural treatment. Influence on properties of concrete pozzolanic reaction in the contact zone 6. Material property characterization of ultra high performance concrete publication no. The unit geometry affects the effective or equivalent unit thickness. Cip 33 high strength concrete what is high strength concrete. About four tons of concrete are produced per person per year worldwide and about 1. High density concrete is used in nuclear power plants npp for primary and secondary containments structures. Except in the nuclear industry, high density radiation shielding concrete used by offshore oil industry as a layer to cover pipelines under the sea and usually magnetite concrete is applied as shown in figure4 and figure5. The properties of high density plastics fibers shown in table 3, this fibers used as percentages of volume of concrete with ratios of 0%,0. The effects of aggregate type, size, and content on the behavior of normal and highstrength concrete, and the relationships between compressive strength, flexural strength, and fracture energy are discussed. High performance concrete is a term used to describe concrete with special properties not attributed to normal concrete. Pdf relation between density and compressive strength of.
Pdf designing of high density concrete by using steel. The neutron shielding properties of a new high density concrete commercially available under the name hormirad, developed in spain by the company ctrad have been characterized both experimentally and by monte carlo calculations. Hemp concrete is environmentally friendly as it is made of a renewable raw material hemp and as it allows carbon sequestration boutin and al. Highdensity concrete article about highdensity concrete. Introduction and overview concrete is the most widely used building material in the world. Zhenhai guo, in principles of reinforced concrete, 2014. This permits volumetric changes to ta ke place more uniformly throughout the concrete. In contrast with conventional concrete weighing around 150 pounds per cubic foot, high density concretes normally weigh from 200 to 250 pounds per cubic foot. Properties of highdensity concrete made with iron aggregate. As the name suggests, the density of this concrete varies from 3360 kgm 3 to 3840 kgm 3, whereas the density of normal concrete is of the order of 2400 kgm 3. The strength of this concrete measured on standard cylinders has been found 42 mpa at 28 days for a watercement ratio 0. These are usually used with white portland cement to attain their full coloring potential.
Introduction to concrete portland cement association. The high strength concrete has a permeability coefficient that ranges from 1 x 10 11 to 1 x 10 cmsec. The effects of aggregate type, size, and content on the behavior of normal and high strength concrete, and the relationships between compressive strength, flexural strength, and fracture energy are discussed. The high density concrete has a better shielding property, so that it can. High density concrete using fly ash, micro silica and. Design and development of high strength heavyweight. Properties of ferromin custom made high density aggregates. Properties of highdensity concrete astm international. The density of light weight concrete is about 1900 kgm 3 and that of normal concrete about 2400 kgm 3. Test results indicate that high density concrete with densities ranging from 3400 5600 kgcu m and compressive strengths varying from 200. In applications of concrete for shielding against hazardous radiation or for being used as counterweight, as well as in various other applications that involve the use of heavyweight concrete, the most significant method of mix design involves the use of heavyweight aggregates. The density of the sdc combined with the extremely high concentration of reinforcement was 2,240 kgm3 140 lbft3. This is an effective and easy way to deduce dead load of the structure. Uniform consolidation is key to achieving uniform and optimum density.
Oct 31, 2010 concrete of over 300 pounds per cubic foot has been used for radiation shielding in volumelimited applications particle accelerators for medical treatment located inside existing structures. Foam concrete materials, properties, advantages and. High density concrete is also known as heavy weight concrete. Reduces the effectiveness of a 6 block thickness to the same as a 4 block. Cip 36 structural lightweight concrete what is structural lightweight concrete structural lightweight concrete has an equilibrium density ranging from 90 to 120 lbft3 31440 to 1840 kgm compared to normalweight concrete with a density in the range of 140 to 150 lbft 3 2240 to 2400 kgm. Introduction high density or heavyweight concrete is concrete with a density greater 3than 2600kgm.
The main use of hdc is in the nuclear industry as radiation shielding. Following properties of high density concrete have been observed. Some of the natural minerals used as aggregates in high density concrete are hematite, magnetite, limonite, barite and some of the artificial aggregates include materials like steel punchings and iron shot. Figure 1 shows the polyethylene fiber used in this research and tables 1,2,3 and 4 shows the properties of the material.
Concrete must has to ensure satisfactory compressive strength and durability. Today compressive strengths exceeding 20,000 psi 140 mpa have been used in castinplace buildings. High density concrete is used extensively in nuclear power plants for radiation shielding against biological hazards. Pdf mechanical properties of highdensity polyethylene. Over 35% less effective in preventing radiation streaming. The properties of high density concrete made with sheared mild steel bars as coarse aggregate and sand as fine aggregate are studied through experimental investigations. It was named portland cement because it looked like the. Mechanical properties of highstrength concrete manish kumar. Other applications of high density radiation shielding concrete. Mixing magnadense into concrete with other aggregates allows you to produce even heavyweight concrete with densities up to 5. Concrete, sand lightweightconcrete with coarse lightweight aggregate and normalweight fine aggregate. Development of highperformance heavy density concrete using. Introduction to concrete concretess versatility, durability, sustainability, and economy have made it the worldss most widely used construction material. The factors that contribute to high density for all types of concrete are.
Its primary use is in radiation shielding, either in nuclear power plants or in radiation therapy. The compressive strength of foam concrete determined at 28 days, ranges from 0. Bulk density determination bulk density of the specimen could be determined by three methods from dimensions. High density concrete is a concrete having a density in the range of 6000 to 6400 kgcu. Cip 33 high strength concrete what is high strength concrete it is a type of high performance concrete generally with a specified compressive strength of 8,000 psi 55 mpa or greater. It is a type of high performance concrete generally with a specified compressive strength of 6,000 psi 40 mpa or greater. Properties of heavyweight concrete for structural and. Using heavy aggregates in a mix can create a high density concrete suitable for use in medical and nuclear applications such as radiation shielding.
Abstract heavyweight concrete is used in many applications such as bascule and lift bridges, radiation shielding structures in nuclear. Custom radiation protection, shielding and storage high. High density aggregates like barites, hematite, ironshots, goethite, etc are used to produce high density concrete the major performance requirement of this kind of concrete is durability that it should withstand adverse environments. The number and size of the pores in a sample of given density is a function of the particles and their size distribution and determines the rate of air flow through the sample.
High density concrete, high strength concrete and high. The aggregates and other components are based upon the exact application of the high density concrete. Highdensity concrete is used extensively in nuclear power plants for radiation shielding against biological hazards. Development of high performance heavy density concrete using different aggregates for gamma ray shielding ahmed s. Despite the common usage of concrete, few people are aware of the considerations involved in designing strong, durable, high quality concrete. Founded in 1904 and headquartered in farmington hills, michigan, usa, the american concrete institute is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development, dissemination, and adoption of its consensusbased standards, technical resources, educational programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete design. When using only magnadense as a high density aggregate, concrete with densities up to 4. Calculations are made and the fineness is expressed in terms of cm2g or m2kg. The study provides a comparison of the above mentioned uhpfrc properties with high performance concrete, fiber reinforced concrete and conventional structural concrete. Use of wellgraded aggregate of the largest possible maximum size. Properties of different grades of concrete using mix. Safety features in the building include the high density concrete core, which surrounds wide staircases of poured concrete, according to frank hussy of tishman construction, who is supervising the construction site. High density concretes for radiation shielding concrete.
538 1450 925 185 1190 777 894 133 793 316 318 1195 150 652 771 840 1057 588 957 1125 1383 473 939 154 704 820 1008 1246 1425 547 324 1278 121 1328 1197 263 316 550 812 785 672